The other day I got a lovely email from one of my readers asking how to revert a commit that was made wrongly. I looked back at my articles and realized I haven’t ever noted this down, so here we go.
We’ll be looking at a couple of levels of changes. Each one required a slightly different approach.
- You have not yet committed the changes
- Undo a commit that has not been pushed
- Undo a pushed commit
Note: This article describes the commands. Most GUI’s have a visual integration for these commands.
Undo changes that you haven’t committed in Git
It could happen that you have made some changes, but then you quickly realize that you did something that isn’t right and should be reverted.
Note: you can use
git statusto see all open changes
Take the file name of the file you want to revert and execute the following command.
git checkout filename.extension
This command will revert the file to what it used to be.
You can see an example below where I changed the astro.config.mjs file and reverted those.
Undo a commit that has not been pushed
Perhaps you got to the point where you already committed the changes. Luckily you didn’t push them yet.
This could have various reasons. Perhaps you noticed you didn’t include all files, or you missed a chance.
Run the following command to revert the last commit.
git reset --soft HEAD~
Note: You can specify multiple commits by placing a number at the end.
For instance, if we want to undo the last two commits, we can run the following command.
git reset --soft HEAD~2
You can see an example below where I committed two changes, then reset my commit so I could make changes again.
Undo an already pushed commit
This one is the most common scenario and also the messiest. You have committed and pushed code to Git.
Note that the option described below does not remove the previous commit. It simply reverts it to what it was.
Step one is to ensure that you are on a clean working directory. You shouldn’t have any open new changes.
Then you’ll need to find the hash for the specific commit you are trying to undo. You can find them on your online Repo (like GitHub, for instance).
Take this hash and then head back over to your terminal. You can now revert this commit by executing the following command.
git revert f193a76 --no-edit
Note: The
--no-editis optional. It won’t prompt you to edit the commit message that way
Once executed, you’ll note that it will do the opposite of the commit locally.
The command will return the files to what they used to be before.
Now all that’s left is to push the reverted code.
git push
When you view your changes, you’ll see the old commit is still there, but a new revert commit replaces the changes.
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